This version (12 May 2023 09:37) was approved by Adrian Costina.The Previously approved version (29 Jul 2022 10:02) is available.
Table of Contents
AD4630-24/AD4630-16 Dual Channel and AD4030-24 Single Channel Precision SAR ADC Linux Driver
Description
The AD4630-24 is a two-channel, low-noise, 2 MSPS successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The AD4030-24 is the single channel version. Both have a guaranteed maximum ±0.9 ppm INL and no missing codes at 24-bits, and achieve unparalleled precision from −40°C to +125°C. The AD4630-16 is a 16-bit, two-channel version.
Operating from 5V and 1.8 V supplies, the AD4630-24, AD4630-16 and AD4030-24 has a ±(65/64 ·VREF) differential input range with VREF ranging from 4.096V to 5V. The input common mode is not restricted – each polarity input may be anywhere from - 1/128 ·VREF to 129/128 ·VREF, simplifying analog signal conditioning requirements and system calibration. A low drift, precision reference buffer makes it easy to share a voltage reference with other circuitry.
The versatile Flexi-SPI serial interface is simple to use. A wide data window, multiple SDO lanes, and optional DDR data can reduce the serial clock to 10 MHz at 2 MSPS. Echo-clock and ADC clock-master modes relax the timing requirements and simplify the use of digital isolators. The parts are compatible with 1.2V to 1.8V logic, using the separate VIO supply.
Supported Devices
Evaluation Boards
| Carrier | Evaluation Board | |
|---|---|---|
| Zedboard | EVAL-AD4630-24 | AD4630-24 user guide |
| Zedboard | EVAL-AD4630-16 | AD4630-16 user guide |
| Zedboard | EVAL-AD4030-24 | AD4030-24 user guide |
Source Code
Status
| Source | Mainlined? |
|---|---|
| git | [No] |
Files
| Function | File |
|---|---|
| driver | ad4630.c |
| devicetree | ad4630-24.dts |
Devicetree
Regulator
ADC voltage reference
vref: regulator-vref {
compatible = "regulator-fixed";
regulator-name = "fixed-supply";
regulator-min-microvolt = <5000000>;
regulator-max-microvolt = <5000000>;
regulator-always-on;
};
External clock
Reference clock used for sampling timing
clocks {
cnv_ext_clk: ext-clk {
#clock-cells = <0x0>;
compatible = "fixed-clock";
clock-frequency = <100000000>;
clock-output-names = "cnv_ext_clk";
};
};
Sampling trigger
This PWM generator is used to start the sampling procedure
axi_pwm_gen: axi-pwm-gen@ {
compatible = "adi,axi-pwmgen";
reg = <0x44b00000 0x1000>;
label = "ad463x_cnv";
#pwm-cells = <2>;
clocks = <&cnv_ext_clk>;
};
ADC node
The ad4630-24 is a SPI-compatible ADC so it should be under a SPI controller. The following custom attributes are available:
| Attribute name | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
adi,lane-mode | one-lane-shared one-lane-per-ch two-lanes-per-ch four-lanes-per-ch | Use one data lane, interleaved Use two data lanes, one per ch. Use four data lanes, two per ch. Use eight data lanes, four per ch. |
adi,clock-mode | spi-compatible echo-clock | Valid BUSY signal for the ADC conversion status Bit clock. BUSY_SCKOUT is a delayed version of SCK input |
adi,out-data-mode | 16diff-8com 24diff 24diff-8com 30diff-avg 32pat | Output is 16-bit differential data + 8-bit common mode data Output is 24-bit differential data Output is 24-bit differential data + 8-bit common mode data Output is 30-bit averaged differential data + OR-bit + SYNC-bit Output is 32-bit test data pattern |
The
spi-max-frequency must be a multiple of a 40MHz clock and the dmas handle should use a 64-bit wide data bus.
&spi{
ad463x: ad463x@0 {
compatible = "adi,ad463x";
reg = <0>;
vref-supply = <&vref>;
spi-max-frequency = <80000000>;
adi,lane-mode = "four-lanes-per-ch";
adi,clock-mode = "echo-clock";
adi,data-rate-mode = "dual";
adi,out-data-mode = "24diff-8com";
reset-gpios = <&gpio0 86 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
clocks = <&cnv_ext_clk>;
clock-names = "trigger_clock";
dmas = <&rx_dma 0>;
dma-names = "rx";
pwm-names = "spi_trigger", "cnv";
pwms = <&axi_pwm_gen 0 0>,
<&axi_pwm_gen 1 0>;
};
};
Usage
Kernel configuration
This device depends on a PWM based trigger used to start the sampling procedure. The first step is to enable the support for AXI_PWMGEN.
Symbol: PWM_AXI_PWMGEN [=y]
Type : tristate
Prompt: Analog Devices AXI PWM generator
Location:
-> Device Drivers
-> Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) Support (PWM [=y])
Defined at drivers/pwm/Kconfig:78
Depends on: PWM [=y] && HAS_IOMEM [=y]
Selected by [y]:
- KERNEL_ALL_ADI_DRIVERS [=y]
Another required component is the SPI controller. The AD4630 has a specific set of SPI timing requirements that are supported by the SPI_ENGINE IP.
Symbol: SPI_AXI_SPI_ENGINE [=y]
Type : tristate
Prompt: Analog Devices AXI SPI Engine controller
Location:
-> Device Drivers
-> SPI support (SPI [=y])
Defined at drivers/spi/Kconfig:112
Depends on: SPI [=y] && SPI_MASTER [=y] && HAS_IOMEM [=y]
Selected by [y]:
- KERNEL_ALL_ADI_DRIVERS [=y]
And finally, enable support for the AD4630 device family.
Symbol: AD4630 [=y]
Type : tristate
Prompt: Analog Device AD4630 ADC Driver
Location:
-> Device Drivers
-> Industrial I/O support (IIO [=y])
-> Analog to digital converters
Defined at drivers/iio/adc/Kconfig:26
Depends on: IIO [=y] && SPI_MASTER [=y]
Selects: IIO_BUFFER [=y] && IIO_BUFFER_DMA [=y] && IIO_BUFFER_DMAENGINE [=y]
Driver testing
This device can be found under /sys/bus/iio/devices/
One way to check if the device and driver are present is using iio_info:
root@analog# iio_info iio:device0: ad4630-24 (buffer capable) 2 channels found: voltage0: differential_0 (input, index: 0, format: le:s30/32>>0) 2 channel-specific attributes found: attr 0: hardwaregain value: 1.000000 attr 1: offset value: 0 voltage1: differential_1 (input, index: 1, format: le:s30/32>>0) 2 channel-specific attributes found: attr 0: hardwaregain value: 1.000000 attr 1: offset value: 0 6 device-specific attributes found: attr 0: operating_mode value: normal_operating_mode attr 1: operating_mode_available value: normal_operating_mode low_power_mode attr 2: sample_averaging value: 64 attr 3: sample_averaging_available value: OFF 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 65536 attr 4: sampling_frequency value: 1000000 attr 5: sampling_frequency_available value: 10000 50000 100000 200000 500000 1000000 1750000 2000000 3 buffer-specific attributes found: attr 0: data_available value: 0 attr 1: length_align_bytes value: 8 attr 2: watermark value: 2048 No trigger on this device
You can go to the device folder using:
root@analog# cd $(grep -rw /sys/bus/iio/devices/*/name -e "ad4630-24" -l | xargs dirname)
As specified in the devicetree section, the device supports multiple out-data-modes.
This example describes the steps for the 30-bit averaged differential output mode.
In the folder there are several files that can set specific device attributes:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Dec 13 08:54 buffer -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 dev -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 in_voltage0_differential0_hardwaregain -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 in_voltage0_differential0_offset -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 in_voltage1_differential1_hardwaregain -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 in_voltage1_differential1_offset -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 name lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Dec 13 08:54 of_node -> ../../../../../../../../firmware/devicetree/base/fpga-axi@0/spi@44a00000/ad4630-24@0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 operating_mode -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 operating_mode_available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Dec 13 08:54 power -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 sample_averaging -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 sample_averaging_available -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 sampling_frequency -r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 sampling_frequency_available drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Dec 13 08:54 scan_elements lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Dec 13 08:54 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../../bus/iio -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Dec 13 08:54 uevent
Operating Mode
The device an operate in normal and low power mode. This attribute displays the following possible values:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat operating_mode_available normal_operating_mode low_power_mode
Display current operating mode:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat operating_mode normal_operating_mode
Change operating mode:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo low_power_mode > operating_mode root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat operating_mode low_power_mode
Sampling frequency
The ad4630 device driver supports a variable sampling rate, that can be configured up to 2MSPS.
Display all available sampling rates:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sampling_frequency_available 10000 50000 100000 200000 500000 1000000 1750000 2000000
See current sampling rate:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sampling_frequency 1000000
Change the sampling rate:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 2000000 > sampling_frequency root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sampling_frequency 2000000
Sample average mode
The ad4630 device family has support for a sample averaging mode that's configurable as a power of 2, up to a maximum of 216.
The average mode works only with the output data mode set to 30-bit average
Display all available number(in samples) of averaging operations on the buffer:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sample_averaging_available OFF 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 65536
Display current sample averaging count:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sample_averaging 64
Change the sample averaging count:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 2048 > sample_averaging root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat sample_averaging 2048
Please note that averaging on low sampling rates will timeout if the default buffer wait time is not modified
Channel hardware gain
The hardware gain can be changed for each channel with a value from 0.0001 to 1.99997. This gain is applied to each sample value. Each ADC channel has an independent hardware gain attribute.
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# ls | grep hardwaregain in_voltage0_differential0_hardwaregain in_voltage1_differential1_hardwaregain
Read the gain for channel 0:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat in_voltage0_differential0_hardwaregain 1.000000
Set the gain for channel 1:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 0.25 > in_voltage1_differential1_hardwaregain root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat in_voltage1_differential1_hardwaregain 0.250000
Channel offset
The offset can be changed for each channel with a value from -223-1 to +223-1.
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# ls | grep offset in_voltage0_differential_0_offset in_voltage1_differential_1_offset
Read the offset for channel 0:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat in_voltage0_differential0_offset 0
Set the offset for channel 1:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 256 > in_voltage1_differential1_offset root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# cat in_voltage1_differential1_offset 256
Data acquisition
The data acquisition is performed using a buffer system:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0/# ls buffer data_available enable length length_align_bytes watermark root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# ls scan_elements/ in_voltage0_differential0_en in_voltage0_differential0_type in_voltage1_differential1_index in_voltage0_differential0_index in_voltage1_differential1_en in_voltage1_differential1_typeEvery buffer implementation features a set of files:
buffer: length Get/set the number of sample sets that may be held by the buffer.
buffer: enable Enables/disables the buffer. This file should be written last, after length and selection of scan elements
scan_elements: in_voltageX_differentialX_en Enable/disables the channel output so the data won't be buffered for that specific channel.
Enable and read 400 samples from both channels:
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 1 > scan_elements/in_voltage0_differential0_en root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 1 > scan_elements/in_voltage1_differential1_en root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 400 > buffer/length root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# echo 1 > buffer/enable root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0# hexdump -n 400 /dev/iio\:device0 0000000 e942 000d 0011 0000 afaf 000d 0029 0000 0000010 753b 000d fff5 00ff 39fa 000d 0018 0000 0000020 013e 000d 0017 0000 c776 000c fff4 00ff 0000030 8e84 000c 0017 0000 55d4 000c 0052 0000 0000040 1dab 000c 000b 0000 e5b9 000b 0049 0000 0000050 ab19 000b 0013 0000 6f56 000b 0035 0000 0000060 3470 000b 0020 0000 f9a1 000a 0037 0000 0000070 bcc1 000a 0003 0000 7f89 000a 000d 0000 0000080 4458 000a 0003 0000 0978 000a 000d 0000 0000090 cea9 0009 0041 0000 9551 0009 fff2 00ff 00000a0 5b80 0009 fff1 00ff 210c 0009 0015 0000 00000b0 e486 0008 ffe8 00ff a8d1 0008 ffec 00ff 00000c0 6e13 0008 004e 0000 33a0 0008 001a 0000 00000d0 f7df 0007 fffd 00ff bba2 0007 fffd 00ff 00000e0 7ead 0007 fffe 00ff 43e0 0007 0041 0000 00000f0 08a8 0007 0023 0000 cc9c 0006 ffed 00ff 0000100 9031 0006 001c 0000 5370 0006 fff6 00ff 0000110 1721 0006 0040 0000 dcec 0005 ffe5 00ff 0000120 9ffc 0005 000d 0000 61f3 0005 0016 0000 0000130 247d 0005 0023 0000 e55d 0004 0006 0000 0000140 a725 0004 000e 0000 6d7b 0004 0045 0000 0000150 32e4 0004 ffaa 00ff f77e 0003 ffca 00ff 0000160 bc75 0003 0036 0000 809d 0003 0019 0000 0000170 4582 0003 ffe1 00ff 0921 0003 ffdf 00ff 0000180 c9a5 0002 ffd1 00ff 8a1c 0002 0015 0000 0000190 root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device0/# echo 0 > buffer/enable
Debug mode
You can write and read the ADC registers using debugfs. Here we will read and write the scratchpad register:
First go to the device debug folder:
root@analog# cd /sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:device0
Read the 0xA register:
root@analog:/sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:device0# echo 0xA > direct_reg_access root@analog:/sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:device0# cat direct_reg_access 0x0
Write and verify the value:
root@analog:/sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:device0# echo 0xA 0x5F> direct_reg_access root@analog:/sys/kernel/debug/iio/iio:device0# cat direct_reg_access 0x5F
More Information
- IIO mailing list: linux [dash] iio [at] vger [dot] kernel [dot] org
resources/tools-software/linux-drivers/iio-adc/ad463x.txt · Last modified: 12 May 2023 09:37 by Adrian Costina