This version (30 Nov 2019 21:53) was approved by Robin Getz.The Previously approved version (14 Feb 2019 13:45) is available.
Table of Contents
Linux Drivers
Make sure the following modules are installed in your kernel:
- cdc-acm,cdc_ether
- rndis_host
- rndis_wlan
- usbnet
On most modern distributions - these will be installed/compiled by default. It should just be a simple matter to plug the USB cable into your Linux machine. We have tested and verified on these distributions:
- Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
- Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 1)
- SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 12 2)
- Debian 8.x
- Debian 9.1
- SUSE Leap 15
- SUSE Leap 15.1
It is likely that other distributions can use the ADALM-PLUTO or ADALM2000, but we are in a limited position to provide technical support for those distributions.
In order to access some USB functions without root privileges, it's recommended to install the PlutoSDR or ADALM2000 udev rules. Simply download 53-adi-plutosdr-usb.rules or 53-adi-m2k-usb.rules and copy into into the /etc/udev/rules.d/ folder. You can also use this plutosdr-m2k-udev.deb package to install both the PlutoSDR and the ADALM2000 udev rules. To install the debian package, use one of the following: sudo apt-get install ./plutosdr-m2k-udev.deb or sudo dpkg -i plutosdr-m2k-udev.deb.
Afterwards reload rules or restart udev, using either udevadm control --reload-rules or sudo service udev restart
example dmesg
When plugging Pluto in (m2k should be similar), you (if you are looking), you will see kernel messages of:
[ 1776.708333] usb 8-2: new high-speed USB device number 3 using ehci-pci [ 1776.843799] usb 8-2: New USB device found, idVendor=0456, idProduct=b673 [ 1776.843811] usb 8-2: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3 [ 1776.843818] usb 8-2: Product: PLUTO [ 1776.843824] usb 8-2: Manufacturer: Analog Devices Inc. [ 1776.843830] usb 8-2: SerialNumber: 00000001 [ 1776.853016] rndis_host 8-2:2.0 usb0: register 'rndis_host' at usb-0000:00:1d.7-2, RNDIS device, 9e:18:bb:fa:07:c6 [ 1776.853957] cdc_acm 8-2:2.2: This device cannot do calls on its own. It is not a modem. [ 1776.854080] cdc_acm 8-2:2.2: ttyACM0: USB ACM device [ 1776.855371] usb-storage 8-2:2.4: USB Mass Storage device detected [ 1776.855559] scsi9 : usb-storage 8-2:2.4 [ 1777.852893] scsi 9:0:0:0: Direct-Access Linux File-Stor Gadget 0406 PQ: 0 ANSI: 2 [ 1777.853329] sd 9:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 0 [ 1777.854618] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] 16384 512-byte logical blocks: (8.38 MB/8.00 MiB) [ 1777.856248] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 1777.856252] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 0f 00 00 00 [ 1777.856863] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 1777.859892] sdb: [ 1777.862868] sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk [ 1778.022282] FAT-fs (sdb): utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!
Showing the three devices (ethernet, serial and mass storage) enumerating, and interface with the devices in the normal linux methods.
If you happen to see something like:
[ 84.257337] usb usb1-port2: unable to enumerate USB device
the solution is to use an external hub and after that all works.
Serial
NOTE: For suse and probably other linux versions -- be sure you are also member of the dialout group.
analog@imhotep:~$ cat ~/.kermrc set line /dev/ttyACM0 set speed 115200 set carrier-watch off set flow-control none analog@imhotep:~$ kermit -l /dev/ttyACM0 -b 115200 C-Kermit 9.0.302 OPEN SOURCE:, 20 Aug 2011, for Linux+SSL+KRB5 (64-bit) Copyright (C) 1985, 2011, Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York. Type ? or HELP for help. (/home/analog/github/iio-oscilloscope/) C-Kermit>c Connecting to /dev/ttyACM0, speed 115200 Escape character: Ctrl-\ (ASCII 28, FS): enabled Type the escape character followed by C to get back, or followed by ? to see other options. ---------------------------------------------------- Login timed out after 60 seconds Welcome to Pluto pluto login: root Password: analog # uname -a Linux pluto 4.6.0-g88f1b2c #7 SMP PREEMPT Wed Nov 2 18:21:13 CET 2016 armv7l GNU/Linux # exit Welcome to Pluto pluto login: Ctrl-\ (Back at imhotep.analog.com) ---------------------------------------------------- (/home/analog/github/iio-oscilloscope/) C-Kermit>exit Closing /dev/ttyACM0...OK
Mass Storage
analog@imhotep:~$ mount | grep -i pluto /dev/sdb1 on /media/analog/PlutoSDR type vfat (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,uid=1000,gid=1000,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=utf8,shortname=mixed,showexec,utf8,flush,errors=remount-ro,uhelper=udisks2) analog@imhotep:~$ ls -l /media/analog/PlutoSDR/ total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 analog analog 206 Dec 31 1979 config.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 analog analog 4721 Dec 31 1979 info.html analog@imhotep:~$ firefox /media/analog/PlutoSDR/info.html
Ethernet
Ethernet Warning
Like most of the network settings on Pluto or the M2k - things are meant to be easy to use. This also means things are inherently insecure.
For example - the root password of Pluto is analog. We post it on the Internet. Think about that for a moment. This could allow anyone with an IP connection to take over the device and use it for malicious purposes.
Never set up a bridge between the Internet and a network connected Pluto with the default images.
Unfortunately - nothing on your host understands the what the IP address of the usb device is. You, the human behind the keyboard need to understand this before any sort of networking will work. There are two main ways to do this:
analog@imhotep:~$ /sbin/ifconfig
enx00e022d6d804: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.2.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
inet6 fe80::2e0:22ff:fed6:d804 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:e0:22:d6:d8:04 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 4 bytes 1030 (1.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 47 bytes 10604 (10.3 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
analog@imhotep:~$ ip addr show
7: c: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:e0:22:d6:d8:04 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.2.10/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global dynamic enx00e022d6d804
valid_lft 862988sec preferred_lft 862988sec
inet6 fe80::2e0:22ff:fed6:d804/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
The weird enx00e022d6d804 comes from systemd on a debian based distribution (which my host is). The enu* prefix (or sometimes wlu*) would describe the USB port, and the rest 00e022d6d804 is the host USB MAC address. This is what it uses, rather than a USB path (like usb-0000:00:14.0-2, which is how the kernel refers to things) since USB path aren't persistent nor predictable (it changes depending on the port you plug things into).
ssh config
Adding a quick/short ssh config file, which describes the USB device can be helpful. It's maintained in github, and it's a simple matter of grabbing the raw text file. You shouldn't do the exact below unless you have no ~/.ssh/config file. Otherwise, click on this link and copy/paste it into the system wide /etc/ssh/ssh_config file, or the user specific ~/.ssh/config file.
analog@imhotep:~$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/analogdevicesinc/plutosdr_scripts/master/ssh_config -O ~/.ssh/config --2017-01-26 19:47:51-- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/analogdevicesinc/plutosdr_scripts/master/ssh_config Resolving raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)... 151.101.116.133 Connecting to raw.githubusercontent.com (raw.githubusercontent.com)|151.101.116.133|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 366 [text/plain] Saving to: ‘~/.ssh/config’ ~/.ssh/config 100%[===============>] 366 --.-KB/s in 0s 2017-01-26 19:47:51 (6.49 MB/s) - ‘~/.ssh/config’ saved [366/366]
Since the ssh key on the pluto changes every boot, we want to be able to never store the key (so we store it to /dev/null. This does make it easier to use (don't need to continually edit the known_hosts file), but does make things susceptible to man in the middle attacks.
adi-mm:tests analogdevices$ ssh plutosdr Warning: Permanently added 'pluto' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@pluto's password: analog # uname -a Linux pluto 4.6.0-08511-gc1315e6-dirty #247 SMP PREEMPT Mon Oct 24 16:46:25 CEST 2016 armv7l GNU/Linux # exit Connection to 192.168.2.1 closed. adi-mm:tests analogdevices$
if you have sshpass installed, you can use that so you dont need to type in a password:
analog@imhotep:~/pluto$ sshpass -panalog ssh plutosdr Warning: Permanently added 'pluto' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. Welcome to: ______ _ _ _________________ | ___ \ | | | / ___| _ \ ___ \ | |_/ / |_ _| |_ ___ \ `--.| | | | |_/ / | __/| | | | | __/ _ \ `--. \ | | | / | | | | |_| | || (_) /\__/ / |/ /| |\ \ \_| |_|\__,_|\__\___/\____/|___/ \_| \_| http://wiki.analog.com/university/tools/pluto #
IIO devices
for SUSE: https://software.opensuse.org/package/libiio -- pick the repo and install via one click install
analog@imhotep:~$ sudo apt-get install libiio-utils Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: libiio-utils 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 191 not upgraded. Need to get 13.9 kB of archives. After this operation, 74.8 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian stretch/main amd64 libiio-utils amd64 0.7-1 [13.9 kB] Fetched 13.9 kB in 0s (70.1 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package libiio-utils. (Reading database ... 279782 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../libiio-utils_0.7-1_amd64.deb ... Unpacking libiio-utils (0.7-1) ... Setting up libiio-utils (0.7-1) ...
Try to make sure you can talk to the device, and find the IIO devices:
analog@imhotep:~$ iio_info -n 192.168.2.1 | grep device IIO context has 5 devices: iio:device0: adm1177 iio:device1: ad9361-phy iio:device2: xadc iio:device3: cf-ad9361-dds-core-lpc iio:device4: cf-ad9361-lpc
Read from an IIO device buffer:
analog@imhotep:~$ iio_readdev -n 192.168.2.1 -s 64 cf-ad9361-lpc | hexdump -x 0000000 ff8d 003b 002a 0013 006c 0045 ffdb 0001 0000010 ffc1 ffd5 ffc0 0030 ffbf 0068 0042 008f 0000020 0027 007e fff5 ffe2 ffea ffbb ffd1 0039 0000030 ffd1 006e 0030 0058 0025 0034 001b ffa0 0000040 ffde ffe9 ff88 006a ffff 0038 0071 0012 0000050 0031 ffdf ffd7 ffc3 ff72 ffed ffae 0016 0000060 0002 005d 001c 0031 ffff ffef ffec ffe9 0000070 ff97 fff6 ffac 0024 0012 0047 00d6 0095 0000080 0087 0076 ffe4 0036 ff96 fffa ff6b 0047 0000090 ffd8 0068 008e 0040 0133 ffc8 006a ffc4 00000a0 ff8d ff9d ff89 ff9d 0005 0012 002c 0073 00000b0 0036 005c 006c fff6 005d ffff fffc ffce 00000c0 ffbc ffdc fff5 004d 0037 008a 004b 0045 00000d0 0044 ffad 0012 ff90 fff8 ffa3 ffa6 ffef 00000e0 ffe8 0079 0086 0097 005e 0041 005f 0005 00000f0 007b ffe6 0025 ffa3 ffef 0011 ffef 0044
university/tools/pluto/drivers/linux.txt · Last modified: 21 Jun 2019 21:09 by Roeland Jansen