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—university:courses:electronics:lp_hp_filters [08 Aug 2019 13:01] – Pop Andreea
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 +======Activity: Low Pass and High Pass Filters======
 +
 +
 +=====Objective:=====
 +
 +The objective of this Lab activity is to study the characteristics of passive filters by obtaining the frequency response of low pass RC filter and high pass RL filter.
 +
 +
 +=====Background: =====
 +
 +The impedance of an inductor is proportional to frequency and the impedance of a capacitor is inversely proportional to frequency. These characteristics can be used to select or reject certain frequencies of an input signal. This selection and rejection of frequencies is called filtering, and a circuit which does this is called a filter. 
 +
 +{{ :university:courses:alm1k:circuits1:alm-cir-lab8-fig1.png?400 |}}
 +
 +<WRAP centeralign>Figure 1: Low Pass RC filter.</WRAP>
 +
 +{{ :university:courses:alm1k:circuits1:alm-cir-lab8-fig2.png?400 |}}
 +
 +<WRAP centeralign>Figure 2: High Pass RL filter.</WRAP>
 +
 +If a filter passes high frequencies and rejects low frequencies, then it is a high-pass filter. Conversely, if it passes low frequencies and rejects high ones, it is a low-pass filter. Filters, like most things, aren't perfect. They don't absolutely pass some frequencies and absolutely reject others. A frequency is considered passed if its magnitude (voltage amplitude) is within 70% or 1/sqrt(2) of the maximum amplitude passed and rejected otherwise. The 70% frequency is called corner frequency, roll-off frequency or half-power frequency. 
 +
 +The corner frequencies for RC filter and RL filter are as follows: 
 +
 +For RC filters: 
 +
 +<m>f_c=1/(2pi RC)</m> (1) 
 +
 +For RL filters: 
 +
 +<m>f_c=R/(2pi L)</m> (2) 
 +
 +Frequency Response: It is a graph of magnitude of the output voltage of the filter as a function of the frequency. It is generally used to characterize the range of frequencies in which the filter is designed to operate within. 
 +
 +{{ :university:courses:alm1k:circuits1:alm-cir-lab8-fig3.png?500 |}}
 +
 +<WRAP centeralign>Figure 3: Frequency Response of a typical Low Pass Filter with a cut-off frequency f<sub>c</sub></WRAP>
 +
 +=====Materials:=====
 +
 +ADALM2000 Active Learning Module\\
 +Solder-less breadboard, and jumper wire kit\\
 +ADALM1000 hardware module\\
 +1 1 KΩ resistor\\
 +1 1 µF capacitor\\
 +1 12 mH inductor
 +
 +=====Hardware setup:=====
 +=====Procedure:=====
 +=====Questions:=====
 +Calculate the Cut-off frequencies for the RC low pass and RL high pass filter using equations (1) and (2). Compare the computed theoretical values to the ones obtained from the experimental measurements and provide a suitable explanation for any differences. 
 +
 +<WRAP round download>
 +**Lab Resources:**
 +  * Fritzing files:
 +  * LTSpice files:
 +</WRAP>
 +
 +
 +
 +**Return to Lab Activity [[university:courses:electronics:labs|Table of Contents]]**
  
university/courses/electronics/lp_hp_filters.txt · Last modified: 03 Nov 2021 20:49 by Doug Mercer

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