This driver is used in conjunction with the AXI DAC HDL Linux Driver
This driver supports the
The AD9172 is a high performance, dual, 16-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC) that supports DAC sample rates to 12.6 GSPS. The device features an 8-lane, 15 Gbps JESD204B data input port, a high performance, on-chip DAC clock multiplier, and digital signal processing capabilities targeted at single-band and multiband direct to radio frequency (RF) wireless applications.
The AD9172 features three complex data input channels per RF DAC that are bypassable. Each data input channel includes a configurable gain stage, an interpolation filter, and a channel numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) for flexible, multiband frequency planning. The device supports up to a 1.5 GSPS complex data rate per input channel and is capable of aggregating multiple complex input data streams up to a maximum complex data rate of 1.5 GSPS. Additionally, the AD9172 supports ultrawide bandwidth modes bypassing the channelizers to provide maximum data rates of up to 3.08 GSPS (with 16-bit resolution) and 4.1 GSPS (with 12-bit resolution).
Source | Mainlined? |
---|---|
drivers/iio/frequency/ad9172.c | WIP |
Function | File |
---|---|
driver | drivers/iio/frequency/ad9172.c |
API driver | drivers/iio/frequency/ad917x |
driver | drivers/iio/frequency/cf_axi_dds.c |
driver | drivers/iio/frequency/cf_axi_dds_buffer_stream.c |
include | drivers/iio/frequency/cf_axi_dds.h |
Documentation | adi,ad9172.txt |
Example device trees
Function | File |
---|---|
driver | drivers/iio/frequency/cf_axi_dds.c |
include | drivers/iio/frequency/cf_axi_adc.h |
Documentation: AXI DAC HDL Linux Driver
The AD9172 driver is a SPI bus driver and can be instantiated via device tree.
Required properties:
Optional properties:
Example: dac0_ad9172: ad9172@1 { #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; compatible = "adi,ad9172"; reg = <1>; spi-max-frequency = <1000000>; clocks = <&axi_ad9172_jesd>, <&hmc7044 2>, <&hmc7044 3>; clock-names = "jesd_dac_clk", "dac_clk", "dac_sysref"; adi,dac-rate-khz = <3000000>; adi,jesd-link-mode = <10>; adi,jesd-subclass = <0>; adi,dac-interpolation = <1>; adi,channel-interpolation = <1>; adi,clock-output-divider = <1>; adi,syncoutb-signal-type-lvds-enable; };
Using: JESD204 (FSM) Interface Linux Kernel Framework
Example: dac0_ad9172: ad9172@1 { #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; compatible = "adi,ad9172"; reg = <1>; spi-max-frequency = <1000000>; clocks = <&hmc7044 2>; clock-names = "dac_clk"; adi,dac-rate-khz = <11796480>; adi,jesd-link-mode = <4>; adi,jesd-subclass = <1>; adi,dac-interpolation = <8>; adi,channel-interpolation = <4>; adi,clock-output-divider = <4>; adi,syncoutb-signal-type-lvds-enable; adi,scrambling = <1>; adi,sysref-mode = <2>; /* SYSREF_CONTINUOUS */ /* jesd204-fsm support */ jesd204-device; #jesd204-cells = <2>; jesd204-top-device = <0>; /* This is the TOP device */ jesd204-link-ids = <0>; jesd204-inputs = <&axi_ad9172_core 0 0>; };
Configure kernel with “make menuconfig” (alternatively use “make xconfig” or “make qconfig”)
The AD9172 driver depends on CONFIG_SPI
Configure kernel with “make menuconfig” (alternatively use “make xconfig” or “make qconfig”)
Linux Kernel Configuration Device Drivers ---> <*> Industrial I/O support ---> --- Industrial I/O support -*- Enable ring buffer support within IIO -*- Industrial I/O lock free software ring -*- Enable triggered sampling support *** Direct Digital Synthesis *** [--snip--] <*> Analog Devices CoreFPGA AXI DDS driver <*> Analog Devices AD917x DAC [--snip--]
In case the driver probes successfully and the device gets instantiated. Your systems kernel messages should include a lines, which may look like the one shown below.
ad9172 spi1.1: AD916x DAC Chip ID: 4 ad9172 spi1.1: AD916x DAC Product ID: 9172 ad9172 spi1.1: AD916x DAC Product Grade: 0 ad9172 spi1.1: AD916x DAC Product Revision: 2 ad9172 spi1.1: AD916x Revision: 1.1.1 ad9172 spi1.1: PLL Input rate 368640000 ad9172 spi1.1: PLL lock status 1, DLL lock status: 1 ad9172 spi1.1: Serdes PLL Locked (stat: 3) ad9172 spi1.1: code_grp_sync: f ad9172 spi1.1: frame_sync_stat: f ad9172 spi1.1: good_checksum_stat: f ad9172 spi1.1: init_lane_sync_stat: f ad9172 spi1.1: 4 lanes @ 7372800 kBps ad9172 spi1.1: Probed. cf_axi_dds 84a04000.axi-ad9172-hpc: Analog Devices CF_AXI_DDS_DDS MASTER (9.00.b) at 0x84A04000 mapped to 0xffffff800d0f0000, probed DDS AD9172
Using: JESD204 (FSM) Interface Linux Kernel Framework
jesd204: created con: id=0, topo=0, link=0, /axi/spi@e0006000/hmc7044@0 <-> /fpga-axi@0/axi-adxcvr-tx@44A60000 jesd204: created con: id=1, topo=0, link=0, /fpga-axi@0/axi-adxcvr-tx@44A60000 <-> /fpga-axi@0/axi-jesd204-tx@44A90000 jesd204: created con: id=2, topo=0, link=0, /fpga-axi@0/axi-jesd204-tx@44A90000 <-> /fpga-axi@0/axi-ad9172-hpc@44A04000 jesd204: created con: id=3, topo=0, link=0, /fpga-axi@0/axi-ad9172-hpc@44A04000 <-> /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1: JESD204[0] transition uninitialized -> initialized jesd204: found 5 devices and 1 topologies jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/hmc7044@0,jesd204:0,parent=spi0.0: Using as SYSREF provider ad9172 spi0.1: ad917x DAC Chip ID: 4 ad9172 spi0.1: ad917x DAC Product ID: 9172 ad9172 spi0.1: ad917x DAC Product Grade: 0 ad9172 spi0.1: ad917x DAC Product Revision: 2 ad9172 spi0.1: ad917x Revision: 1.1.1 ad9172 spi0.1: CLK Input rate 368640000 ad9172 spi0.1: PLL lock status 1, DLL lock status: 1 ad9172 spi0.1: Serdes PLL Locked (stat: 3) ad9172 spi0.1: Probed. axi_adxcvr 44a60000.axi-adxcvr-tx: AXI-ADXCVR-TX (17.05.a) using QPLL on GTX2 at 0x44A60000. Number of lanes: 4. axi-jesd204-tx 44a90000.axi-jesd204-tx: AXI-JESD204-TX (1.06.a) at 0x44A90000. Encoder 8b10b, width 4/4, lanes 4, jesd204-fsm. axi_sysid 45000000.axi-sysid-0: AXI System ID core version (1.01.a) found axi_sysid 45000000.axi-sysid-0: [dac_fmc_ebz] [AD9172 - 04] on [zc706] git branch <master> git <8e0a45dea963b75caf9c18195ee7076b1191a8db> clean [202 1-11-19 19:20:28] UTC cf_axi_dds 44a04000.axi-ad9172-hpc: Analog Devices CF_AXI_DDS_DDS MASTER (9.01.b) at 0x44A04000 mapped to 0x9d8cb513, probed DDS AD917x jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition initialized -> probed jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition probed -> idle jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition idle -> device_init jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition device_init -> link_init jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition link_init -> link_supported hmc7044 spi0.0: hmc7044_jesd204_link_pre_setup: Link0 forcing continuous SYSREF mode jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition link_supported -> link_pre_setup jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition link_pre_setup -> clk_sync_stage1 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition clk_sync_stage1 -> clk_sync_stage2 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition clk_sync_stage2 -> clk_sync_stage3 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition clk_sync_stage3 -> link_setup jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition link_setup -> opt_setup_stage1 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition opt_setup_stage1 -> opt_setup_stage2 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition opt_setup_stage2 -> opt_setup_stage3 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition opt_setup_stage3 -> opt_setup_stage4 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition opt_setup_stage4 -> opt_setup_stage5 jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition opt_setup_stage5 -> clocks_enable jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition clocks_enable -> link_enable ad9172 spi0.1: Link0 code_grp_sync: f ad9172 spi0.1: Link0 frame_sync_stat: f ad9172 spi0.1: Link0 good_checksum_stat: f ad9172 spi0.1: Link0 init_lane_sync_stat: f ad9172 spi0.1: Link0 4 lanes @ 7372800 kBps jesd204: /axi/spi@e0006000/ad9172@1,jesd204:1,parent=spi0.1: JESD204[0] transition link_enable -> link_running
Each and every IIO device, typically a hardware chip, has a device folder under /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX. Where X is the IIO index of the device. Under every of these directory folders reside a set of files, depending on the characteristics and features of the hardware device in question. These files are consistently generalized and documented in the IIO ABI documentation. In order to determine which IIO deviceX corresponds to which hardware device, the user can read the name file /sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:deviceX/name. In case the sequence in which the iio device drivers are loaded/registered is constant, the numbering is constant and may be known in advance.
Some device attributes control the DDS HDL Core, others features of the DAC and associated clock providers.
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cd /sys/bus/iio/devices/ root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices# ls iio:device0 iio:device1 iio:device2 iio:device3 root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices# root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices# cd iio\:device2 root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# ls -l total 0 drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 .. drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 buffer -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 dev -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 name lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 of_node -> ../../../../../firmware/devicetree/base/fpga-axi@0/axi-ad9172-hpc@84a04000 -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage0_TX1_I_F1_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage0_TX1_I_F1_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage0_TX1_I_F1_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage0_TX1_I_F1_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage1_TX1_I_F2_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage1_TX1_I_F2_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage1_TX1_I_F2_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage1_TX1_I_F2_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage2_TX1_Q_F1_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage2_TX1_Q_F1_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage2_TX1_Q_F1_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage2_TX1_Q_F1_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage3_TX1_Q_F2_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage3_TX1_Q_F2_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage3_TX1_Q_F2_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage3_TX1_Q_F2_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage4_TX2_I_F1_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage4_TX2_I_F1_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage4_TX2_I_F1_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage4_TX2_I_F1_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage5_TX2_I_F2_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage5_TX2_I_F2_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage5_TX2_I_F2_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage5_TX2_I_F2_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage6_TX2_Q_F1_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage6_TX2_Q_F1_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage6_TX2_Q_F1_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage6_TX2_Q_F1_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage7_TX2_Q_F2_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage7_TX2_Q_F2_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage7_TX2_Q_F2_raw -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage7_TX2_Q_F2_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_altvoltage_sampling_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage0_i_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage0_nco_enable -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage0_nco_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage0_nco_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage0_q_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage1_i_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage1_nco_enable -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage1_nco_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage1_nco_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage1_q_scale -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage6_nco_enable -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage6_nco_frequency -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage6_nco_phase -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 out_voltage_sampling_frequency drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 power drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 scan_elements lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 0 Apr 12 12:01 subsystem -> ../../../../../bus/iio -rw-rw-rw- 1 root root 4096 Apr 12 12:01 uevent root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2#
Documentation for following subfolders and channel attributes can be found here: AXI DAC HDL Linux Driver
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat name axi-ad9172-hpc
For each of the channel digital datapaths (when not using 1× interpolation for the channel), there are individually programmable gain stages and NCO blocks available. The NCO blocks have a 48-bit modulus NCO option to enable digital frequency shifts of signals with near infinite precision. The number of channels (X) depend on the JESD204 link mode. Please refer to the AD917x datasheet.
At the end of the three channelizer datapaths, there is a summation node that combines the three channel datapaths together at a maximum of 1.5 GSPS to then pass along to each of the main DAC datapaths for further digital feature options.
What: out_voltageX_i_scale, out_voltageX_q_scale
Sets the scalar channel gain value. Range is from 0.0000 to 1.9999
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 0.85 > out_voltage0_q_scale root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage0_q_scale 0.849609375
What: out_voltageX_nco_enable
Enable/Disable NCOs. (Values 0, 1)
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 1 > out_voltage0_nco_enable root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage0_nco_enable 1
What: out_voltageX_nco_frequency
Set channel NCO frequency (fCARRIER) in Hz
Range is: −(fDAC/Main Interpolation)/2 ≤ fCARRIER < +(fDAC/Main Interpolation)/2
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 400000000 > out_voltage0_nco_frequency root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage0_nco_frequency 400000000
What: out_voltageX_nco_phase
Sets main datapath and/or channel datapath NCO phase offset. Range is −180° ≤ Degrees Offset ≤ +180° (Values are in milli degrees.)
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 120000 > out_voltage0_nco_phase root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage0_nco_phase 119998
Each of the main DAC datapaths contain an optional power amplifier (PA) protection block, a main datapath interpolation block, a main NCO with an optional modulus feature, and a ramp-up/ramp-down gain block that is fed by the PA protection block. Additionally, there is an optional calibration tone feature, as well as four modulator switch modes that are part of the main NCO block.
What: out_voltage6_nco_enable
Enable/Disable main datapath DAC NCO. (Values 0, 1)
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 1 > out_voltage6_nco_enable root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage6_nco_enable 1
What: out_voltage6_nco_frequency
Set main datapath DAC NCO frequency (fCARRIER) in Hz Range is: −fDAC/2 ≤ fCARRIER < +fDAC/2
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 2250000000 > out_voltage6_nco_frequency root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage6_nco_frequency 2250000000
What: out_voltage6_nco_phase
Sets main datapath and/or channel datapath NCO phase offset. Range is −180° ≤ Degrees Offset ≤ +180° (Values are in milli degrees.)
This specifies any shell prompt running on the target
root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# echo 120000 > out_voltage6_nco_phase root@analog:/sys/bus/iio/devices/iio:device2# cat out_voltage6_nco_phase 119998